@article {Boscain2013, title = {Lipschitz Classification of Almost-Riemannian Distances on Compact Oriented Surfaces}, journal = {Journal of Geometric Analysis}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan}, pages = {438{\textendash}455}, abstract = {

Two-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures are generalized Riemannian structures on surfaces for which a local orthonormal frame is given by a Lie bracket generating pair of vector fields that can become collinear. We consider the Carnot{\textendash}Carath{\'e}odory distance canonically associated with an almost-Riemannian structure and study the problem of Lipschitz equivalence between two such distances on the same compact oriented surface. We analyze the generic case, allowing in particular for the presence of tangency points, i.e., points where two generators of the distribution and their Lie bracket are linearly dependent. The main result of the paper provides a characterization of the Lipschitz equivalence class of an almost-Riemannian distance in terms of a labeled graph associated with it.

}, issn = {1559-002X}, doi = {10.1007/s12220-011-9262-4}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-011-9262-4}, author = {Ugo Boscain and Gr{\'e}goire Charlot and Roberta Ghezzi and Mario Sigalotti} } @article {2012, title = {On a class of vector fields with discontinuity of divide-by-zero type and its applications}, journal = {Journal of dynamical and control systems }, volume = {18}, number = {arXiv:1007.0912;}, year = {2012}, pages = {135-158}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {

We study phase portraits and singular points of vector fields of a special type, that is, vector fields whose components are fractions with a common denominator vanishing on a smooth regular hypersurface in the phase space. We assume also some additional conditions, which are fulfilled, for instance, if the vector field is divergence-free. This problem is motivated by a large number of applications. In this paper, we consider three of them in the framework of differential geometry: singularities of geodesic flows in various singular metrics on surfaces.

}, doi = {10.1007/s10883-012-9137-4}, author = {Roberta Ghezzi and Alexey O. Remizov} } @article {2011, title = {The sphere and the cut locus at a tangency point in two-dimensional almost-Riemannian geometry}, journal = {Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems }, volume = {17 }, number = {arXiv:1009.2612;}, year = {2011}, pages = {141-161}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {

We study the tangential case in 2-dimensional almost-Riemannian geometry. We\\r\\nanalyse the connection with the Martinet case in sub-Riemannian geometry. We\\r\\ncompute estimations of the exponential map which allow us to describe the\\r\\nconjugate locus and the cut locus at a tangency point. We prove that this last\\r\\none generically accumulates at the tangency point as an asymmetric cusp whose branches are separated by the singular set.

}, doi = {10.1007/s10883-011-9113-4}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1963/4914}, author = {Bernard Bonnard and Gr{\'e}goire Charlot and Roberta Ghezzi and Gabriel Janin} } @mastersthesis {2010, title = {Almost-Riemannian Geometry from a Control Theoretical Viewpoint}, year = {2010}, school = {SISSA}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1963/4705}, author = {Roberta Ghezzi} } @article {boscain2010normal, title = {A normal form for generic 2-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures at a tangency point}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1008.5036}, year = {2010}, author = {Ugo Boscain and Gr{\'e}goire Charlot and Roberta Ghezzi} } @article {2010, title = {Two-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures with tangency points}, journal = {Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Lineaire }, volume = {27}, number = {arXiv.org;0908.2564v1}, year = {2010}, pages = {793-807}, publisher = {Elsevier}, abstract = {

Two-dimensional almost-Riemannian structures are generalized Riemannian structures on surfaces for which a local orthonormal frame is given by a Lie bracket generating pair of vector fields that can become collinear. We study the relation between the topological invariants of an almost-Riemannian structure on a compact oriented surface and the rank-two vector bundle over the surface which defines the structure. We analyse the generic case including the presence of tangency points, i.e. points where two generators of the distribution and their Lie bracket are linearly dependent. The main result of the paper provides a classification of oriented almost-Riemannian structures on compact oriented surfaces in terms of the Euler number of the vector bundle corresponding to the structure. Moreover, we present a Gauss-Bonnet formula for almost-Riemannian structures with tangency points.

}, doi = {10.1016/j.anihpc.2009.11.011}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1963/3870}, author = {Andrei A. Agrachev and Ugo Boscain and Gr{\'e}goire Charlot and Roberta Ghezzi and Mario Sigalotti} }