@article {BOSCAGGIN20114166, title = {Resonance and rotation numbers for planar Hamiltonian systems: Multiplicity results via the Poincar{\'e}{\textendash}Birkhoff theorem}, journal = {Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods \& Applications}, volume = {74}, number = {12}, year = {2011}, pages = {4166 - 4185}, abstract = {

In the general setting of a planar first order system (0.1)u'=G(t,u),u∈R2, with G:[0,T]{\texttimes}R2{\textrightarrow}R2, we study the relationships between some classical nonresonance conditions (including the Landesman{\textendash}Lazer one) {\textemdash} at infinity and, in the unforced case, i.e. G(t,0)=0, at zero {\textemdash} and the rotation numbers of {\textquotedblleft}large{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}small{\textquotedblright} solutions of (0.1), respectively. Such estimates are then used to establish, via the Poincar{\'e}{\textendash}Birkhoff fixed point theorem, new multiplicity results for T-periodic solutions of unforced planar Hamiltonian systems Ju'=∇uH(t,u) and unforced undamped scalar second order equations x"+g(t,x)=0. In particular, by means of the Landesman{\textendash}Lazer condition, we obtain sharp conclusions when the system is resonant at infinity.

}, keywords = {Multiple periodic solutions, Poincar{\'e}{\textendash}Birkhoff theorem, Resonance, Rotation number}, issn = {0362-546X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2011.03.051}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362546X11001817}, author = {Alberto Boscaggin and Maurizio Garrione} }