TY - JOUR T1 - Wetting of rough surfaces: a homogenization approach JF - Proc. R. Soc. Lon. Ser. A 461 (2005) 79-97 Y1 - 2005 A1 - Antonio DeSimone A1 - Giovanni Alberti AB - The contact angle of a drop in equilibrium on a solid is strongly affected by the roughness of the surface on which it rests. We study the roughness-induced enhancement of the hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties of a solid surface through homogenization theory. By relying on a variational formulation of the problem, we show that the macroscopic contact angle is associated with the solution of two cell problems, giving the minimal energy per unit macroscopic area for a transition layer between the rough solid surface and a liquid or vapor phase. Our results are valid for both chemically heterogeneous and homogeneous surfaces. In the latter case, a very transparent structure emerges from the variational\\napproach: the classical laws of Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter give bounds for the optimal energy, and configurations of minimal energy are those leading to the smallest macroscopic contact angle in the hydrophobic case, to the largest one in the hydrophilic case. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1963/2253 U1 - 1994 U2 - Mathematics U3 - Functional Analysis and Applications ER -