TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of reduced-order modeling approaches using artificial neural networks for PDEs with bifurcating solutions JF - ETNA - Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis Y1 - 2022 A1 - Martin W. Hess A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza VL - 56 ER - TY - ABST T1 - Data-Driven Enhanced Model Reduction for Bifurcating Models in Computational Fluid Dynamics Y1 - 2022 A1 - Martin W. Hess A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza ER - TY - ABST T1 - A Data-Driven Surrogate Modeling Approach for Time-Dependent Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations with Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Manifold Interpolation Y1 - 2022 A1 - Martin W. Hess A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A POD-Galerkin reduced order model for the Navier–Stokes equations in stream function-vorticity formulation Y1 - 2022 A1 - Michele Girfoglio A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza KW - Galerkin projection KW - Navier–Stokes equations KW - Proper orthogonal decomposition KW - Reduced order model KW - Stream function-vorticity formulation AB -

We develop a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-Galerkin based Reduced Order Model (ROM) for the efficient numerical simulation of the parametric Navier–Stokes equations in the stream function-vorticity formulation. Unlike previous works, we choose different reduced coefficients for the vorticity and stream function fields. In addition, for parametric studies we use a global POD basis space obtained from a database of time dependent full order snapshots related to sample points in the parameter space. We test the performance of our ROM strategy with the well-known vortex merger benchmark and a more complex case study featuring the geometry of the North Atlantic Ocean. Accuracy and efficiency are assessed for both time reconstruction and physical parametrization.

SN - 0045-7930 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045793022001645 JO - Computers & Fluids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A POD-Galerkin reduced order model for a LES filtering approach JF - Journal of Computational Physics Y1 - 2021 A1 - Michele Girfoglio A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza AB -

We propose a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-Galerkin based Reduced Order Model (ROM) for an implementation of the Leray model that combines a two-step algorithm called Evolve-Filter (EF) with a computationally efficient finite volume method. The main novelty of the proposed approach relies in applying spatial filtering both for the collection of the snapshots and in the reduced order model, as well as in considering the pressure field at reduced level. In both steps of the EF algorithm, velocity and pressure fields are approximated by using different POD basis and coefficients. For the reconstruction of the pressures fields, we use a pressure Poisson equation approach. We test our ROM on two benchmark problems: 2D and 3D unsteady flow past a cylinder at Reynolds number 0≤Re≤100. The accuracy of the reduced order model is assessed against results obtained with the full order model. For the 2D case, a parametric study with respect to the filtering radius is also presented.

VL - 436 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102138957&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcp.2021.110260&partnerID=40&md5=73115708267e80754f343561c26f4744 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduced Basis Model Order Reduction for Navier-Stokes equations in domains with walls of varying curvature JF - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics Y1 - 2020 A1 - Martin W. Hess A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza AB -

We consider the Navier-Stokes equations in a channel with a narrowing and walls of varying curvature. By applying the empirical interpolation method to generate an affine parameter dependency, the offline-online procedure can be used to compute reduced order solutions for parameter variations. The reduced order space is computed from the steady-state snapshot solutions by a standard POD procedure. The model is discretised with high-order spectral element ansatz functions, resulting in 4752 degrees of freedom. The proposed reduced order model produces accurate approximations of steady-state solutions for a wide range of geometries and kinematic viscosity values. The application that motivated the present study is the onset of asymmetries (i.e., symmetry breaking bifurcation) in blood flow through a regurgitant mitral valve, depending on the Reynolds number and the valve shape. Through our computational study, we found that the critical Reynolds number for the symmetry breaking increases as the wall curvature increases.

VL - 34 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.03708 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduced basis model order reduction for Navier–Stokes equations in domains with walls of varying curvature JF - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics Y1 - 2020 A1 - Martin W. Hess A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza AB -

We consider the Navier–Stokes equations in a channel with a narrowing and walls of varying curvature. By applying the empirical interpolation method to generate an affine parameter dependency, the offline-online procedure can be used to compute reduced order solutions for parameter variations. The reduced-order space is computed from the steady-state snapshot solutions by a standard POD procedure. The model is discretised with high-order spectral element ansatz functions, resulting in 4752 degrees of freedom. The proposed reduced-order model produces accurate approximations of steady-state solutions for a wide range of geometries and kinematic viscosity values. The application that motivated the present study is the onset of asymmetries (i.e. symmetry breaking bifurcation) in blood flow through a regurgitant mitral valve, depending on the Reynolds number and the valve shape. Through our computational study, we found that the critical Reynolds number for the symmetry breaking increases as the wall curvature increases.

VL - 34 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085233294&doi=10.1080%2f10618562.2019.1645328&partnerID=40&md5=e2ed8f24c66376cdc8b5485aa400efb0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A reduced order modeling technique to study bifurcating phenomena: Application to the gross-pitaevskii equation JF - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing Y1 - 2020 A1 - Federico Pichi A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza AB -

We propose a computationally efficient framework to treat nonlinear partial differential equations having bifurcating solutions as one or more physical control parameters are varied. Our focus is on steady bifurcations. Plotting a bifurcation diagram entails computing multiple solutions of a parametrized, nonlinear problem, which can be extremely expensive in terms of computational time. In order to reduce these demanding computational costs, our approach combines a continuation technique and Newton's method with a reduced order modeling (ROM) technique, suitably supplemented with a hyperreduction method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our ROM approach, we trace the steady solution branches of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, called the Gross{Pitaevskii equation, as one or two physical parameters are varied. In the two-parameter study, we show that our approach is 60 times faster in constructing a bifurcation diagram than a standard full order method.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096768803&doi=10.1137%2f20M1313106&partnerID=40&md5=47d6012d10854c2f9a04b9737f870592 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Reduced Order technique to study bifurcating phenomena: application to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation JF - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing Y1 - 2020 A1 - Federico Pichi A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza AB -

We propose a computationally efficient framework to treat nonlinear partial differential equations having bifurcating solutions as one or more physical control parameters are varied. Our focus is on steady bifurcations. Plotting a bifurcation diagram entails computing multiple solutions of a parametrized, nonlinear problem, which can be extremely expensive in terms of computational time. In order to reduce these demanding computational costs, our approach combines a continuation technique and Newton's method with a Reduced Order Modeling (ROM) technique, suitably supplemented with a hyper-reduction method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our ROM approach, we trace the steady solution branches of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, called Gross-Pitaevskii equation, as one or two physical parameters are varied. In the two parameter study, we show that our approach is 60 times faster in constructing a bifurcation diagram than a standard Full Order Method.

UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07082 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A spectral element reduced basis method for navier–stokes equations with geometric variations JF - Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering Y1 - 2020 A1 - Martin W. Hess A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza AB -

We consider the Navier-Stokes equations in a channel with a narrowing of varying height. The model is discretized with high-order spectral element ansatz functions, resulting in 6372 degrees of freedom. The steady-state snapshot solutions define a reduced order space through a standard POD procedure. The reduced order space allows to accurately and efficiently evaluate the steady-state solutions for different geometries. In particular, we detail different aspects of implementing the reduced order model in combination with a spectral element discretization. It is shown that an expansion in element-wise local degrees of freedom can be combined with a reduced order modelling approach to enhance computational times in parametric many-query scenarios.

VL - 134 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Finite Volume approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear filtering stabilization JF - Computers and Fluids Y1 - 2019 A1 - Michele Girfoglio A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza AB -

We consider a Leray model with a nonlinear differential low-pass filter for the simulation of incompressible fluid flow at moderately large Reynolds number (in the range of a few thousands) with under-refined meshes. For the implementation of the model, we adopt the three-step algorithm Evolve-Filter-Relax (EFR). The Leray model has been extensively applied within a Finite Element (FE) framework. Here, we propose to combine the EFR algorithm with a computationally efficient Finite Volume (FV) method. Our approach is validated against numerical data available in the literature for the 2D flow past a cylinder and against experimental measurements for the 3D fluid flow in an idealized medical device, as recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We will show that for similar levels of mesh refinement FV and FE methods provide significantly different results. Through our numerical experiments, we are able to provide practical directions to tune the parameters involved in EFR algorithm. Furthermore, we are able to investigate the impact of mesh features (element type, non-orthogonality, local refinement, and element aspect ratio) and the discretization method for the convective term on the agreement between numerical solutions and experimental data.

VL - 187 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065471890&doi=10.1016%2fj.compfluid.2019.05.001&partnerID=40&md5=c982371b5b5d4b5664a676902aaa60f4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Finite Volume approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear filtering stabilization JF - Computers & Fluids Y1 - 2019 A1 - Michele Girfoglio A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza AB -

We consider a Leray model with a nonlinear differential low-pass filter for the simulation of incompressible fluid flow at moderately large Reynolds number (in the range of a few thousands) with under-refined meshes. For the implementation of the model, we adopt the three-step algorithm Evolve-Filter-Relax (EFR). The Leray model has been extensively applied within a Finite Element (FE) framework. Here, we propose to combine the EFR algorithm with a computationally efficient Finite Volume (FV) method. Our approach is validated against numerical data available in the literature for the 2D flow past a cylinder and against experimental measurements for the 3D fluid flow in an idealized medical device, as recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We will show that for similar levels of mesh refinement FV and FE methods provide significantly different results. Through our numerical experiments, we are able to provide practical directions to tune the parameters involved in the model. Furthermore, we are able to investigate the impact of mesh features (element type, non-orthogonality, local refinement, and element aspect ratio) and the discretization method for the convective term on the agreement between numerical solutions and experimental data.

VL - 187 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.05251 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Localized Reduced-Order Modeling Approach for PDEs with Bifurcating Solutions JF - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering Y1 - 2019 A1 - Martin W. Hess A1 - Alla, Alessandro A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza A1 - Max Gunzburger AB -

Reduced-order modeling (ROM) commonly refers to the construction, based on a few solutions (referred to as snapshots) of an expensive discretized partial differential equation (PDE), and the subsequent application of low-dimensional discretizations of partial differential equations (PDEs) that can be used to more efficiently treat problems in control and optimization, uncertainty quantification, and other settings that require multiple approximate PDE solutions. In this work, a ROM is developed and tested for the treatment of nonlinear PDEs whose solutions bifurcate as input parameter values change. In such cases, the parameter domain can be subdivided into subregions, each of which corresponds to a different branch of solutions. Popular ROM approaches such as proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), results in a global low-dimensional basis that does no respect not take advantage of the often large differences in the PDE solutions corresponding to different subregions. Instead, in the new method, the k-means algorithm is used to cluster snapshots so that within cluster snapshots are similar to each other and are dissimilar to those in other clusters. This is followed by the construction of local POD bases, one for each cluster. The method also can detect which cluster a new parameter point belongs to, after which the local basis corresponding to that cluster is used to determine a ROM approximation. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the method both for problems for which bifurcation cause continuous and discontinuous changes in the solution of the PDE.

VL - 351 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.08851 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A localized reduced-order modeling approach for PDEs with bifurcating solutions JF - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering Y1 - 2019 A1 - Martin W. Hess A1 - Alla, Alessandro A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza A1 - Max Gunzburger AB -

Reduced-order modeling (ROM) commonly refers to the construction, based on a few solutions (referred to as snapshots) of an expensive discretized partial differential equation (PDE), and the subsequent application of low-dimensional discretizations of partial differential equations (PDEs) that can be used to more efficiently treat problems in control and optimization, uncertainty quantification, and other settings that require multiple approximate PDE solutions. Although ROMs have been successfully used in many settings, ROMs built specifically for the efficient treatment of PDEs having solutions that bifurcate as the values of input parameters change have not received much attention. In such cases, the parameter domain can be subdivided into subregions, each of which corresponds to a different branch of solutions. Popular ROM approaches such as proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), results in a global low-dimensional basis that does not respect the often large differences in the PDE solutions corresponding to different subregions. In this work, we develop and test a new ROM approach specifically aimed at bifurcation problems. In the new method, the k-means algorithm is used to cluster snapshots so that within cluster snapshots are similar to each other and are dissimilar to those in other clusters. This is followed by the construction of local POD bases, one for each cluster. The method also can detect which cluster a new parameter point belongs to, after which the local basis corresponding to that cluster is used to determine a ROM approximation. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the method both for problems for which bifurcation cause continuous and discontinuous changes in the solution of the PDE.

VL - 351 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064313505&doi=10.1016%2fj.cma.2019.03.050&partnerID=40&md5=8b095034b9e539995facc7ce7bafa9e9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computational reduction strategies for the detection of steady bifurcations in incompressible fluid-dynamics: Applications to Coanda effect in cardiology JF - Journal of Computational Physics Y1 - 2017 A1 - Giuseppe Pitton A1 - Annalisa Quaini A1 - Gianluigi Rozza KW - Parametrized Navier–Stokes equations KW - Reduced basis method KW - Stability of flows KW - Symmetry breaking bifurcation AB -

We focus on reducing the computational costs associated with the hydrodynamic stability of solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for a Newtonian and viscous fluid in contraction–expansion channels. In particular, we are interested in studying steady bifurcations, occurring when non-unique stable solutions appear as physical and/or geometric control parameters are varied. The formulation of the stability problem requires solving an eigenvalue problem for a partial differential operator. An alternative to this approach is the direct simulation of the flow to characterize the asymptotic behavior of the solution. Both approaches can be extremely expensive in terms of computational time. We propose to apply Reduced Order Modeling (ROM) techniques to reduce the demanding computational costs associated with the detection of a type of steady bifurcations in fluid dynamics. The application that motivated the present study is the onset of asymmetries (i.e., symmetry breaking bifurcation) in blood flow through a regurgitant mitral valve, depending on the Reynolds number and the regurgitant mitral valve orifice shape.

VL - 344 ER -